Nature Versus Nurture

How much of our identity is shaped by our environments? How much is intrinsic to who we are and beyond the control of external forces? These are ancient questions with complex answers. In this collection we've gathered texts that explore the issue of nature versus nurture from a variety of angles.

Publication year 1869

Genre Essay / Speech, Nonfiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Equality, Relationships: Marriage, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature

Tags Gender / Feminism, Women's Studies (Nonfiction), Philosophy, History: World, Philosophy, Classic Fiction, Politics / Government

The book-length essay The Subjection of Women was written in 1869 by John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher known for his progressive, utilitarian ideas. The essay includes four chapters and was published in London by Lonmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer publishers. The Subjection of Women is a persuasive argument, laying out the problem of women’s legal, marital, and societal oppression to show that gender equality is necessary to ensure social justice, improve societal progress, and... Read The Subjection of Women Summary


Publication year 1972

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Family, Emotions/Behavior: Love, Natural World: Place, Emotions/Behavior: Grief, Relationships: Grandparents, Life/Time: Childhood & Youth, Life/Time: Aging

Tags Grief / Death, Scandinavian Literature, Science / Nature, Modern Classic Fiction, Classic Fiction


Publication year 2018

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Teams, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance

Tags Psychology, Self Help, Business / Economics, Education, Science / Nature, Leadership/Organization/Management, Parenting


Publication year 1893

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Society: Class, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature

Tags Humor, Historical Fiction, Mystery / Crime Fiction, Satire, Race / Racism, American Literature


Publication year 2023

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Society: Colonialism, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Identity: Femininity, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Self Discovery

Tags Historical Fiction, Action / Adventure, Survival Fiction, Gender / Feminism, Trauma / Abuse / Violence, Science / Nature, History: World


Publication year 2011

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Identity: Mental Health, Life/Time: Childhood & Youth, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Daughters & Sons, Relationships: Family, Relationships: Fathers, Relationships: Mothers, Values/Ideas: Science & Technology

Tags Parenting, Psychology


Publication year 2023

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Environment, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Life/Time: The Future, Natural World: Animals, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Family, Society: Community, Values/Ideas: Science & Technology

Tags Science-Fiction / Dystopian Fiction, Fantasy, Action / Adventure, Climate Change, Children's Literature, Animals


Publication year 1918

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Natural World: Animals

Tags Lyric Poem, Religion / Spirituality, Animals, Victorian Period, Classic Fiction


Publication year 2018

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies, Values/Ideas: Trust & Doubt, Values/Ideas: Safety & Danger, Values/Ideas: Justice & Injustice, Values/Ideas: Good & Evil, Self Discovery, Relationships: Family, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Identity: Disability, Emotions/Behavior: Memory, Emotions/Behavior: Hate & Anger, Emotions/Behavior: Fear

Tags Mystery / Crime Fiction, Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, Psychological Fiction, Modern Classic Fiction, Irish Literature

The Witch Elm (2018) is a psychological crime thriller by best-selling American Irish author Tana French. The story follows Toby Hennessy, who unearths harmful family secrets while salvaging his identity after a traumatic assault. A standalone novel separate from French’s award-winning Dublin Murder Squad series, The Witch Elm appeared on NPR’s list of best books from 2018 and the New York Times’s notable books of 2018. Other works by this author include The Trespasser (2016)... Read The Witch Elm Summary


Publication year 2006

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Art, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Emotions/Behavior: Memory, Identity: Language, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Self Discovery, Society: Community, Society: Education, Values/Ideas: Beauty, Values/Ideas: Music, Values/Ideas: Order & Chaos, Values/Ideas: Science & Technology

Tags Science, Psychology, Music, Science / Nature


Publication year 2021

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Identity: Race, Identity: Sexuality, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Natural World: Flora/plants, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Family, Relationships: Mothers

Tags Modern Classic Fiction, Fantasy, Mythology, LGBTQ


Publication year 2009

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Values/Ideas: Science & Technology, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed, Natural World: Environment, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Natural World: Place, Natural World: Climate, Natural World: Objects, Life/Time: The Future

Tags Allegory / Fable / Parable, Science-Fiction / Dystopian Fiction, Climate Change, Science / Nature, Finance / Money / Wealth


Publication year 1896

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Hope, Natural World: Flora/plants, Emotions/Behavior: Determination / Perseverance, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature

Tags Relationships


Publication year 1616

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Society: Class, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Values/Ideas: Good & Evil


Publication year 1978

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Life/Time: Mortality & Death, Natural World: Animals

Tags Action / Adventure, Realistic Fiction, Children's Literature, Animals, Science / Nature


Publication year 2023

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Guilt, Emotions/Behavior: Loneliness, Emotions/Behavior: Love, Life/Time: Midlife, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Marriage, Society: Class, Values/Ideas: Art, Values/Ideas: Science & Technology, Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies, Relationships: Family

Tags Modern Classic Fiction, Historical Fiction, Romance


Publication year 2003

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Mothers, Relationships: Daughters & Sons, Relationships: Siblings, Emotions/Behavior: Forgiveness, Values/Ideas: Fame, Relationships: Family, Emotions/Behavior: Guilt, Emotions/Behavior: Hate & Anger, Emotions/Behavior: Love

Tags Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, Mystery / Crime Fiction, Psychological Fiction, Incarceration, Relationships, Grief / Death, Trauma / Abuse / Violence, Parenting, Modern Classic Fiction, Drama / Tragedy, Psychology, Psychology

We Need to Talk About Kevin is a 2003 novel by Lionel Shriver. It is an epistolary novel, comprising the letters that Eva Khatchadourian writes to her husband Franklin in the aftermath of their son’s crime. The novel explores themes of nihilism, motherhood, the relationship between violence and depravity, and much more. The book won the Orange Prize for Literature in 2005 and was adapted into an acclaimed feature film starring Tilda Swindon and John... Read We Need To Talk About Kevin Summary


Publication year 1932

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Identity: Sexuality, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature

Tags Lyric Poem, Animals, Love / Sexuality, British Literature


Publication year 2021

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Emotions/Behavior: Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Forgiveness, Emotions/Behavior: Grief, Emotions/Behavior: Guilt, Emotions/Behavior: Hope, Emotions/Behavior: Loneliness, Life/Time: Coming of Age, Life/Time: Midlife, Life/Time: Mortality & Death, Life/Time: The Future, Life/Time: The Past, Natural World: Animals, Natural World: Appearance & Reality, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature, Relationships: Family, Relationships: Friendship, Relationships: Mothers, Self Discovery, Society: Community, Values/Ideas: Fate, Values/Ideas: Good & Evil, Values/Ideas: Loyalty & Betrayal, Values/Ideas: Order & Chaos, Values/Ideas: Power & Greed, Values/Ideas: Religion & Spirituality, Values/Ideas: Trust & Doubt, Values/Ideas: Truth & Lies

Tags Mystery / Crime Fiction, Horror / Thriller / Suspense Fiction, Psychological Fiction


Publication year 1922

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Values/Ideas: Order & Chaos, Natural World: Nurture v. Nature